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Rai, S. N.
- Demand and Supply of Fuelwood and Timber in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 127, No 3 (2001), Pagination: 263-277Abstract
The aggregate demand for the year 1996 of fuelwood for the country was 201 million tonnes i.e. 213.8 kg per capita, per year for a population of 940 million. Similarly the demand of timber was 92 million m3 i.e. 0.098 m3 or 3.5 cft per capita per year. The current sustainable production of fuel wood from forests is 17 million tonnes and from farm forestry and other areas 98 million tonnes. There is net deficit of 86 million tonnes of fuel wood, which as a compulsion is being removed from the forests. The situation regarding timber (at current productivity) is not grave but moratorium on fellings and market demands creates pressure. The paradox is that forests produce 70 per cent timber and 30 per cent fuel wood, while the demand for wood is around 70 per cent as fuel wood and 30 per cent as timber. This really exacerbates the situation. The forests have at least 5 times more pressure on them for fuel wood and small timber than what they can withstand, as a matter of sustained productivity.
- Distribution and Growing Stock of Bamboos in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 124, No 2 (1998), Pagination: 89-98Abstract
The total forest area of the country is 76.52 million ha. The actual forest cover is 63.96 million ha. The forest area containing Bamboo is 8.96 million ha which constitutes 11.71% of the recorded forest area and 14.01% of the forest cover of the country. The earlier estimate which gave a figure of 9.57 million ha of Bamboo area had considered the recorded forest area of 74.96 million ha (this was the FSI estimate of 1982 which has been widely quoted). From the inventory reports of the FSI carried out from 1965 till now the total growing stock of the country is around 80.428 million tonnes for 8,385 million ha (it is difficult to have precise estimate). This estimate also does not include Bamboos growing on farm lands. the StateslUTs which constitute a large proportion of the growing stock are Assam (16%), Manipur 14%), Mizoram (14%), Arunachal Pradesh (12%) Madhya Pradesh (12%), Orissa (7%), Meghalaya (6%), Nagaland (5%) and Maharashtra (5%). Our analysis shows that 66% of the Bamboo growing stock is in the North-Eastern States and the remaining 34% is in rest of the country. The contribution of the clump forming Bamboos to the growing stock is 67.3% while the non-clump forming Bamboos contribute 32. 7% to the total. Considering the number of total culms, the contribution of some main species is: Dendrocalamus strictus (45%), Melocanna bambusoides (20%), Bambusa arundinacea (13%), D. hamiltonii (7%), B. tulda (5%), B. pallida (4%) and the remaining 6% is contributed by other species.- The Extent of Forest Fire, Grazing and Regeneration Status in Inventoried Forest Areas of India
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Indian Forester, Vol 123, No 8 (1997), Pagination: 689-702Abstract
Forest fires and indiscrimate grazing are among the most important factors that affect the natural regeneration in the forests and cause its degradation. Results of the inventories carried out by the Forest Survey of India show that on an average 54.7% of the forest is affected by fire, 77.6% area has grazing incidence and 72.1% forest area has no regeneration. These results further reveal that moist deciduous forests have more incidences offire while dry-deciduous and thorny forests are more subjected to grazing.- Status of Natural Regeneration in Tropical Forests of the Andaman Islands
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Indian Forester, Vol 123, No 12 (1997), Pagination: 1091-1108Abstract
The Tropical Evergreen Forests are highly sensitive to disturbance in the original crop composition under natural environment. Proper manipulation of canopy and judicious application of silvicultural systems may maintain the balanced composition. The regeneration survey revealed that though the regeneration status as such is satisfactory in the tropical forests of Andamans, change in stocking under the present management practices indicate decline of ornamental and softwood species in some Forest Divisions and fall in ply species in some localities. A conservative approach in exploitation schedule and improving future crop by adequate regeneration of desired species compatible to ecosystem needs should be adopted in such areas. Overall position of total seedlings per ha shows marginal improvement in worked areas than in unworked areas, most of Which are from miscellaneous category. Although the silvicultural system practised in Andaman forests primarily aims at conversion to uniform crop by few identified economic tree species it is more than four decades old and hence the system needs immediate critical review in the context of ground reality obtained thereon.- Note on Trial of Australian Acacias in Karnataka
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Indian Forester, Vol 121, No 5 (1995), Pagination: 423-424Abstract
No abstract- Potential Productivity of India's Forests
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Indian Forester, Vol 121, No 12 (1995), Pagination: 1089-1094Abstract
Productivity of India's forests has been assessed at various times. There is a general feeling that potential productivity of our forests is low. In this paper, we have tried to synthesise the available information and come up with a potential productivity pattern for the whole country.- Diameter Increment in Artocarpus hirsuta, Dalbergia latifolia and Grewfa tilaefolia in the Mixed Deciduous Forests of Wynaad (kerala)
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Indian Forester, Vol 119, No 1 (1993), Pagination: 11-16Abstract
The annual diameter increment in Artocarpus hirsuta, Dalbergia latifolia and Grewia tilaefolia were studied in the mixed deciduous forests of Wynaad, over a period of 16 years. The increments were found to be 0.48 cm, 0.34 cm and 0.33 cm respectively over the range of diameter studied. Artocarpus hirsuta take 137 years, Dalbergia lotifdia 148 years and Grewia Ioaefolia 168 years to reach 60 cm of D.B.H. in these forests.- Restoration of Degraded Tropical Rain Forests of Western Ghats
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Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 3 (1990), Pagination: 180-188Abstract
The Tropical Rain Forests in India are found in the Western Ghats. In North-east Region and in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Western Ghats have seasonal rainfall which may range from 2000-8000 mm; number, of rainy months decrease from 8 to 4 from Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu) to Mahabaleswar (Maharashtra). There is high temperature in summer and rainfall is concentrated in three rainy months. Two important factors namely; the degree of slope and distribution of rainfall, not only determine the species composition but also determine the change in site conditions consequent to degradation. Efforts of restoration are also determined eventually by these factors. These are the factors that determine the type of colonisers that come up in these areas; which further depends upon the microclimate and size of the opening. Trials of the past on restocking of Tropical Rain forests have given out certain interesting results. 1-Most typical species of these forest have capacity to continue to survive under full overhead shade over a long period of time (20-25 years) without any appreciable growth, however they respond to light when available and resume their growth in a normal fashion 2-Planting or seral species is a more desirable effort in degraded rain forests, which have remained as such for some period of time. However, eventually only the main evergreen species succeed. 3-It is possible, to adequately regenerate the Tropical Rain Forest species under plantation condition with good care on sites which are not prone to soil erosion. 4-Rate of growth under shade conditions is rather slow.- Depleting Sandalwood Production and Rising Prices
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Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 5 (1990), Pagination: 348-355Abstract
Sandal is perhaps the most valuable wood in India. The price of sandal heartwood at the turn of this century used to be Rs. 365/- for a ton which rose to around Rs 80,000/- per ton at present. The production is however depleting very steeply. Sandalwood production and prices of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are taken up for the study. It is found that the production in Karnataka is decreasing at a rate of 7 per cent per year and increasing slightly from year to year in Tamil Nadu at a rate of 2 per cent. The price of sandalwood is found to increase at a rate of 10 per cent per year per ton. Cause or depletion and remedial measures are given.- Tropical Rain forests of India-their Management and Regeneration
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 82-88Abstract
Tropkal Rain Forests in India are found in three regions; the Western Ghats, the Northeast region and the Andamans and Nicobar islands. They are comparable in several respects yet they have their characteristic differences in floristics and composition. These forests ecosystems are very fragile in nature. They have been rather worked heavily in the past and have not regenerated very successfully in most cases. The delicate balance of light and shade requirement of the spp. That occur in these forests is a key factor in their regeneration. Two of the successful systems of regeneration are the Andaman Canopy Lifting System and the Aided Natural Regeneration. The forest of the three regions have been broadly described and their past management has been generally discussed. A suggestion has been made for their regeneration and restocking.- Present Status of Forest Tree Improvement Work in India
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Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 9 (1989), Pagination: 603-612Abstract
It is a status paper on the existing achievements of tree improvement work in India and it also gives an idea regarding the nature of ongeing work in several State Forest Departments and Government of India organisations- Germination and Nursery Technique of Four Species of Ficus
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Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 2 (1988), Pagination: 63-68Abstract
The study reports information on Ficus bengalensis, F. glomerata, F. mysorences and F. religiosa. It is observed that moderately ripe fruits which are brownish yellow in colour gave the best germination and soaking the seeds for 10 minutes in hot water at 60 ° C gave the highest germination per cent, It was found that the young seedlings are too delicate to be transplanted individually, therefore in the first stage they are transplanted in bunches and therefter pricked out individually. Providing shade for initial one week at both the stages of transplanting is essential. Excess watering results in mortality. Pre-treatment and nursery technique of the four Ficus species is reported.- Notes on Nursery and Regeneration Technique of some Species Occurring in Southern Tropical Wet Evergreen and Semi-evergreen forests of Karnataka (India) Part II
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Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 8 (1985), Pagination: 645-657Abstract
no abstract- Above Ground Biomass in Tropical Rain Forests of Western Ghats, India
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 8 (1984), Pagination: 754-764Abstract
Above ground biomass of four study areas in the Tropical Rain Forests of Western Ghats of Karnataka is given. The average stauding biomass of plants above 5cm DBH came to 458.204 t/ha and that of shrub and herb layer to 5.90 and 0.288 t/ha, respectively. Data on bole, branch and current year twigs and leaves of individual trees was added together to find suitable regression models against D2H and DBH, both in log and non log models. Character D2H was found to be the best estimator of above ground biomass in a double log relationship (r = 0.9579). Even DBH in a simple form gave equally good result (r = 0.923). Nine equations are given for estimation of various categories. In all the cases results were significant at 0.1% probability.- Bole, Branch, Current Year Twig, Leaf and Roof Biomass Production in Tropical Rain (Wet Ever Green) Forests of Western Ghats of Karnataka
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Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 9 (1984), Pagination: 901-914Abstract
Bole, branch, current year twigs, leaf and ischolar_main biomass has been determined for Tropical Rain Forests of Western Ghats in Karnataka, by method of allometric analysis. Individual regression equations for 12 spp of these forests, and equations for overwood and nnderwood spp have been found. Besides, a general equation for the forest as a unit has also been found. It is seen that character D2H is the best estimator of bole biomass, while for all other components DBH is the best estimator. Invariably log-log relationships have given better fit. In all 34 equations are given for various relationships. Over 95.39% variation in bole biomass is dependent upon tbe character D2H. Similarly, more than 85.19% variation in branch biomass and 73.58% variation in ischolar_main biomass is dependent upon DBH. However, in case of leaf biomass combined prediction for the forest as a unit is poor. The level of significance of the relationships is given. Number of trees sampled for different components were 433, 226, 221 and 91 for bole, branch, current year twig & leaf and ischolar_main biomass, respectively.- Rate of Growth of some Evergreen Species
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Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 8 (1981), Pagination: 513-518Abstract
The tree species in the Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests of Karnataka State are comparatively slow in growth. The fastest among them takes around 137 years to reach a girth of 1.8 m (at breast height). Even in the peak girthing periOd the rate of growth for for Dipterocarpus indicus (the fastest) is 1.58 cm per year. Diospyros paniculata is the slowest species with an average annual girth increment of 0.324 cm whereas Dipterocarpus indicus is the fastest with an average annual girth increment of 1.38 cm.- Regional Volume Table for Holigarna grahmii, hook and its Certain other Relationships (Data From Karnataka)
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The equation gives highly significant result,
The ratio between girth and diameter at breast height (at 137 m from the ground level, has been determined. Similarly ratio between girth at 15 cm and at breast height has also been determined.
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Indian Forester, Vol 108, No 2 (1980), Pagination: 113-116Abstract
Volume tables for Holigarna grahmii. Hook, trees have been prepared by the method of Linear regression. The model used isV =a+b D1H.The equation gives highly significant result. Table for the total stem wood (over bark) has been given. Similarly diameter and height table has been prepared by the method of curvi-linear regression. The model used is :1/H = a/D + bThe equation gives highly significant result,
The ratio between girth and diameter at breast height (at 137 m from the ground level, has been determined. Similarly ratio between girth at 15 cm and at breast height has also been determined.
- Regional Volume Table for Gurjan Oil Trite (Dipterocarpus turbinats, Gaertn-syn, Dipterocarpus indicus-Bedd.) and its Certain other Relationships (Data From Karnataka.)
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 8 (1980), Pagination: 574-577Abstract
Volume tables for 'Gurjan' (Dipterocarpus turbinatus, Gaertn) have been prepared by the method of linear regression. The model used is V = a+b D2 d. The equation gives highly significant result. Table for the total stem wood (over bark) has been given. Similarly diameter at b h. and height table has been prepared by the method of curvi-linear regression. The model used is : 1/H = a/D + b. The equation gives highly significant result. The ration between the girth and average diameter at breast height (1.37m from the ground level) has been determined. Similarly, relationship between girth at 15cm from the ground level and breast height has been determined.- Diameter Increment of Terminalla Paniculata and Lagerstroemia lanceolata
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Indian Forester, Vol 106, No 12 (1980), Pagination: 856-864Abstract
A knowledge of rate of diameter growth is of vital importance in forest management. This growth can be studied in sample plots, where trees are permanently numbered and their measurement is recorded, periodically. In this study rate of diameter increment of Terminalia paniculata Roth. And Lagerslroemia lanceolata Wall. Has been determined from the data of eight sample plots, existing in Southern Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests of Karnataka State, India. The d b h (ob) and rate of periodic diameter increment (5 years in this case) has been used to fit in a regression equation. The model used is : Y = a + b X + CX2 Where Y = Periodic diameter increment in cm, X = Diameter b h (ob) in cm. and 'a', 'b', 'c' arc constants. Equation for both the species is given. With the help of the above equation, Age/DBH curve for the two species has been constructed. In the locality Terminalia paniculata and Lagerslroemia lanceolata take 203 and 201 years, respectively, to reach a d b h (ob) of 60 cm.- Regional Volume Table for White Cedar Dysoxyllum Malabaricum Bedd. (Data from Karnataka)
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Indian Forester, Vol 105, No 3 (1979), Pagination: 230-231Abstract
Volume tables for White Cedar Dysoxyllum malabaricum Bedd. tree have been prepared by the method of linear regression. The model used is V=a+b D2H. The equation gives highly significant result. Table for the total wood (over bark) has been given.- Regional Volume Table for Poon-Spar (Callophyllum elatum Bedd.) and its Certain Other Relationships (Data from Karnataka)
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Indian Forester, Vol 104, No 7 (1978), Pagination: 501-505Abstract
Volume tables for Poon-Spar have been prepared by the method of linear regression using a calculator. The model used is v = a + b D2H. The equation gives highly significant result. Table for the total wood has been given. Similar diameter and height table has been prepared by the method of curvi-linear regression using a calculator. The model used is 1 = a/x + b The equation gives highly significant result. The relationship between girth and diameter at 1.37 metres from the ground has been determined. Similarly relationship between girth at 15 cm and at 1.37 from the ground level has been determined.- Eupatorium and Weedicides
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Indian Forester, Vol 102, No 7 (1976), Pagination: 449-454Abstract
Eupatorium odoralum has become a very obnoxius weed in the Western Ghat region of the country, particularly in parts of Karnataka and Kerala States. It has been colonising not only the open patches amidst forest stands, but also grassy blanks and barran areas at lower elevations. Its impact on natural regeneration, success of artificial regeneration and productivity of commercial crops is of considerable magnitude. Chemicals control of the weed has proved uneconomic and therefore, manual removal with good cover crop remain the only alternative.- Pre-treatmenr of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Seeds
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Indian Forester, Vol 102, No 8 (1976), Pagination: 488-491Abstract
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius is a fast growing species of tropical and subtropical, high rainfall zone. Germination of seeds is erratic. To find out a suitable method of pre-treatment for faster and assured germination, several treatments were tried. It was found that treating the seeds with concentrated Sulphuric acid for 10 minutes gave very good germination.- National Agroforestry Policy- A Critique
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Affiliations
1 Former PCCF, Bangalore, IN
1 Former PCCF, Bangalore, IN
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Indian Forester, Vol 140, No 8 (2014), Pagination: 831-833Abstract
No AbstractKeywords
No Keywords- Workshop on Geological Fluid Mechanics
Abstract Views :196 |
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Affiliations
1 Workshop on Geological Fluid Mechanics, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
1 Workshop on Geological Fluid Mechanics, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 54, No 4 (1999), Pagination: 431-431Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Role of Mathematical Modeling in Groundwater Resources Management
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Authors
Affiliations
1 National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
1 National Geophysical Research Institute Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 65, No 3 (2005), Pagination: 377-378Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
- Evaluation of Heterogeneous Aquifers in Hard Rocks from Resistivity Sounding Data in Parts of Kalmeshwar Taluk of Nagpur District, India
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Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, IN
1 CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500 007, IN
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Current Science, Vol 107, No 7 (2014), Pagination: 1137-1145Abstract
Interpretation of vertical electrical sounding (VES) data coupled with the estimation of coefficient of anisotropy (λ) in parts of Kalmeshwar taluk, Nagpur district, Maharashtra, India has yielded vital information on the characteristics of subsurface basaltic aquifers. The coefficient of anisotropy estimated at 22 sites from VES data has shown variation between 1 and 1.87, which in turn reveals the anisotropic character of the basaltic aquifers. The estimated fracture porosity from the interpreted parameters and specific conductance of groundwater within the region varies from 0.007% to ∼2%, indicating different degrees of water saturation within the basaltic flows. The interpreted true resistivity ∼10-35 Ω.m corroborates well with the zones of high porosity and λ further substantiates the presence of exploitable groundwater resources within the region.Keywords
Anisotropy, Hard Rock Aquifers, Fracture, Porosity, Vertical Electrical Sounding.Full Text
- Basal Area and Diameter Increment in Long Term Research Sites in Tropical Forests of India
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Affiliations
1 Forest Department, Karnataka, IN
1 Forest Department, Karnataka, IN
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Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 13-17Abstract
Estimates of basal area in long term research sites of tropical forests, basal area increment and pattern of mortality in tropical rain forests (TRF) and rate of diameter growth in different forest types is given. estimates of basal area ranged 2 around 43m2/ha in tropical rain forests to around 30-35 m2/ha in moist deciduous forests and around 13 mm2/ha in dry deciduous forests. the rate of basal area increment per year in tropical rain forests for the pioneer species was 5.3%, canopy species 3.22%, middle storey species 2.02% and for under storey species 1.87%. the overall rate of basal area increment was 2.06 % per year in TRFs of western ghats of india. the average rate of diameter increment for species in the western ghat ranged between 3 to 3.5 mm per year.Keywords
Basal Area, Diameter Increment, Tropical forests, Long Term Research.- Assisted Natural Regeneration in Moist Deciduous Teak Forests of Karnataka-India
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Affiliations
1 PCCF Karnataka, IN
1 PCCF Karnataka, IN
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Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 5 (2016), Pagination: 511-512Abstract
No Abstract.- Afforestation of Grassy Blanks in Humid Tropics of Karnataka-India
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Affiliations
1 PCCF, Karnataka, IN
1 PCCF, Karnataka, IN
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Indian Forester, Vol 142, No 6 (2016), Pagination: 619-622Abstract
No Abstract.- Deciphering Geothermal Resources in Deccan Trap Region using Electrical Resistivity Tomography Technique
Abstract Views :284 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
1 Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 78, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 541-548Abstract
Exploration of Geothermal resources is important from energy point of view. Western margin of volcanic Deccan traps, also known as Western Ghats, is characterized with the presence of numerous hot springs. The resistivity contrast for the geothermal reservoir rock and the surrounding host rock is significantly high in volcanic terrain which is the case of present study. In such cases the resistivity associated with geothermal reservoirs usually varies from <5 to 15 Ohm-m regardless of how high resistivity is outside the reservoir zone. Direct current (DC) resitivity method is proved to be more suitable method for delineation of groundwater reservoirs. The present work describes the results of electrical resistivity tomography survey carried out at four hot spring sites located at Unhavare (Khed), Tural, Rajwadi and Aravali villages of Chiplun taluk in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra for delineation of the geothermal reservoirs and associated geological features like faults and fractures responsible for vertical movement of geothermal water with the sole purpose of harnessing geothermal energy. In addition to this, the present study is also aimed to delineate the groundwater reservoirs with normal temperature for exploration purpose to meet the local water supply demand. The interpreted results of the field data suggest the presence of two potential geothermal reservoirs at Unhavare (Khed) and one each at Tural and Aravali. Potential groundwater zones with normal temperature are also delineated for groundwater exploration at Rajwadi and Aravali sites.Keywords
Geothermal Energy Resource, Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Deccan Traps, Hot Springs, Faults, Maharashtra.References
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